Audio Calculation

Cable - Diameter, Cross Section

Diameter

Cross Section

AWG

Sound Level

Sound Level L

Sound Level Reduction

Sound Level Comparison

Level Change	Volume Loudness	Voltage Sound Presure	Sound Power Sound Intensity
+10 dB	2.0	3.2	10
+6 dB	1.5	2.0	4.0
+3 dB	1.2	1.4	2.0
0 dB	1.0	1.0	1.0

Channel Levels [dBC]

	L/C/R	S	LFE
Cinema	85	82	95
Home Cinema	85	85	85
Broadcast	85	85	85
Meyer Sound EXP	102(97)	95(93)	112(106)
Music	85	85	85

SWL to SPL

SPL to SWL

Sound Pressure Level SPL

	SPL [dB]	SP [Pa]
Concert	100	2.0
Heavy Traffic	80	0.2
Conversation	60	0.02
Quiet Room	40	0.002
Rustling Leaves	20	0.0002

Delay - Distance (Sound Path)

Distance

Time Delay

Voltage - Level

Level LU (dBu)

Level LV (dBV)

Voltage U (V)

Voltage U (V) rms/peak

Full Scale 100%	dBu	V	dBV
Studiopegel ARD	+6.0	1.550	+3.78
Studiopegel International	+4.0	1.228	+1.78
Normpegel 1.0V	+2.2	1.000	0.00
Normpegel 0.775V	0.0	0.775	-2.22
Heimtechnik	-7.8	0.316	-10.0

Loudness Level / Headroom

-23 LUFS	Programme Loudness Level (EBU R 128)
-20 dB FS	Large Theatre, Wide-range Music (K-20)
-14 dB FS	Home Cinema, Pop Music (K-14)
-12 dB FS	Broadcast (K-12)

Subwoofer Arrays

Gradient (Cardioid)

End-fired

Curvilinear

Gradient:

500-HP	2.86ms
750-LFC	2.50ms
900-LFC	3.20ms
1100-LFC	3.40ms

Wave Length - Frequency

Wavelength (20°C)

Wavelength in Air (temperatur variable)